Comparative methodology
Comparative method In linguistics,is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages, as opposed to the method of internal reconstruction, which analyzes the internal development of a single language over time.
Ordinarily both methods are used together to reconstruct prehistoric phases of languages, to fill in gaps in the historical record of a language, to discover the development of phonological, morphological, and other linguistic systems, and to confirm or refute hypothesized relationships between languages.
The comparative method was developed over the 19th century. Key contributions were made by the Danish scholars Rasmus Rask and Karl Verner and the German scholar Jacob Grimm. The first linguist to offer reconstructed forms from a proto-language was August Schleicher, in his Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen, originally published in 1861.
.. Subjectivity of the reconstruction The reconstruction of unknown proto-languages is inherently subjective. In the Proto-Algonquian example above, the choice of *m as the parent phoneme is only likely, not certain. It is conceivable that a Proto-Algonquian language with *b in those positions split into two branches, one which preserved *b and one which changed it to *m instead; and while the first branch only developed into Arapaho, the second spread out wider and developed into all the other Algonquian tribes. It is also possible that the nearest common ancestor of the Algonquian languages used some other sound instead, such as *p, which eventually mutated to *b in one branch and to *m in the other. Since reconstruction involves many of these choices, some linguists prefer to view the reconstructed features as abstract representations of sound correspondences, rather than as objects with a historical time and place. The existence of proto-languages and the validity of the comparative method is verifiable in cases where the reconstruction can be matched to a known language, which may only be known as a shadow in the loanwords of another language. For example Baltic-Finnic languages such as Finnish have borrowed many words from an early stage of Germanic, and the shape of the loans matches the forms that have been reconstructed for Proto-Germanic. Finnish kuningas 'king' and kaunis 'beautiful' match the Germanic reconstructions *kuningaz and *skauniz(>German König 'king', schön 'beautiful'). -1
Lets compare Greek’s given meaning with some of Mediterranean languages:
Arabic :Tall-Tawil,Long-Tawil,Highlander-Reefiy;
Catalan:Tall-Alt;Long-llarg;Highlanders-gent de la muntanya;
Spanish-Tall-Alto;Long-Largo;Highlander-Montaniero;...
We have not connection at these languages .Why and how come not to ?
Now lets put at this way
Make -Mother
All around the Globe not only Mediterranean Ma mean Mother ?
he very first ever recorded name/tittle for God is the word Ma ?
His symbol is the one above
|`- God..2
All of archaeologist will agree that this is the very first word for God.
All of the linguistics will agree that this is the letters used for spelling of the word for God.
But none of them will say that these are letters for describing of God at femine form.as Her ,or as Mother
As far as we know for those ancient times two things must to be pointed :
- matriarchy as kind of religious form and
- cult of maternity
According to those facts we must to have a bit of different description
|` Goddess instead of |` God
and Her very first recorded and shortest as well form of Ma
So we certainly have
| -consonant or "M"
`-vowel or "a" joined together as the very first word
|`= Ma
"Make" in many other languages means many other things except mother..."
That is quite correct
I am claiming that as a word Make has got its root at the word Mama
As neologism of the word
Makedonia or
Make+Don+ia ,
Make is neologism for it self make up from joining of two words Ma+Ma or Mama.
At Hindi
This is the word standing for Mama
माँ or Mām̐
And it so , and no one could say that
Mām̐ it is not shorten from Mama.
And it is Mama because here they are two symbols joined together as one
माँ = two symbols
First one is |`
Second one is so called fish symbol .
So we have
माँ = 1 + 1
or
माँ = |` + ﻻ
Where
ﻻ - is rotated so called fishy symbol.
Lets moving foreword have a bit of search into the symbols
The pre-Christian history of the fish symbol:
The fish symbol has been used for millennia worldwide as a religious symbol associated with the Pagan Great Mother Goddess. It is the outline of her vulva. The fish symbol was often drawn by overlapping two very thin crescent moons. One represented the crescent shortly before the new moon; the other shortly after, when the moon is just visible. The Moon is the heavenly body that has long been associated with the Goddess, just as the sun is a symbol of the God.
The link between the Goddess and fish was found in various areas of the ancient world:
# In China, Great Mother Kwan-yin often portrayed in the shape of a fish
# In India, the Goddess Kali was called the "fish-eyed one"
# In Egypt, Isis was called the Great Fish of the Abyss
# In Greece the Greek word "delphos" meant both fish and womb. The word is derived from the location of the ancient Oracle at Delphi who worshipped the original fish goddess, Themis. The later fish Goddess, Aphrodite Salacia, was worshipped by her followers on her sacred day, Friday. They ate fish and engaging in orgies. From her name comes the English word "salacious" which means lustful or obscene. Also from her name comes the name of our fourth month, April. In later centuries, the Christian church adsorbed this tradition by requiring the faithful to eat fish on Friday - a tradition that was only recently abandoned.
# In ancient Rome Friday is called "dies veneris" or Day of Venus, the Pagan Goddess of Love.
# Throughout the Mediterranean, mystery religions used fish, wine and bread for their sacramental meal.
# In Scandinavia, the Great Goddess was named Freya; fish were eaten in her honor. The 6th day of the week was named "Friday" after her.
# In the Middle East, the Great Goddess of Ephesus was portrayed as a woman with a fish amulet over her genitals.
The fish symbol "was so revered throughout the Roman empire that Christian authorities insisted on taking it over, with extensive revision of myths to deny its earlier female-genital meanings...Sometimes the Christ child was portrayed inside the vesica, which was superimposed on Mary's belly and obviously represented her womb, just as in the ancient symbolism of the Goddess." 4 Another author writes: "The fish headdress of the priests of Ea [a Sumero-Semitic God] later became the miter of the Christian bishops." 5
The symbol itself, the eating of fish on Friday and the association of the symbol with deity were all taken over by the early Church from Pagan sources. Only the sexual component was deleted.
Ma+Ma=MakE
Those two Ma+Ma words are marked at the word Make , with a letter E
So we have got MakE
E = dual
As far as I found it, at the present standard literary Macedonian language have these letter E examples for dual :
Hands -racE
Legs -nozE
And It is so .
At Macedonian , we have got these way of vowel stream
A
E
I
O
U
And it is a princip that
letter A goes for singulare ,and letter I going for plural word expressions.In between two of them letter E been used for dualistically word expressions.
A- singulare
E-dual
I- plural
According to this order we have this "metamorphose" for Mothers as the word
MajkA -sing.
MajkE- dual
MajkI -plural
_______________
Source
1-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_method#cite_note-64
2-Dr. Stephen Guide, “The Thracian Script Decoded -1”, Institute o Transcendent Science, Sofia, 2006. page.120
Internet resource:
http://www.institutet-science.com/dictb.htm
4. B.G. Walker, "The Woman's Encyclopaedia of Myths and Secrets", Harper & Row, San Francisco CA (1983), Page 313-314
5. J.C. Cooper, op cit, Page 15.
Internet source
http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_symb.htm
From the link you are pointing
ReplyDelete"It was traditionally derived from the Indo-European root *mak-, meaning 'long' or 'slender' (attested in Homer, and recorded by Hesychius of Alexandria as a Doric word meaning "large"), or makros ('long, large'), as well as related words in other Indo-European languages. It is commonly explained as having originally meant 'the tall ones' or 'highlanders'.[3] ..."
Do you understand that when we have
this type of Star mark at the words top ,meaning is that is about the guess.
Have a look one more time .
"European root *mak-, meaning 'long' or 'slender'.."
Focus is at the word mak,presented at this way *mak-
Will say with a star.
माँ or Mām̐ Hindy
ReplyDeletea form of
Ma+Ma
Have a look
from the link you are coming with.
http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=1+&tinput=Mama+&trans=Translate&direction=ES
Ma+Ma = Mama
(WORK IN PROGRESS REGARDING THIS FEATURE - SORRY FOR THE INCONVENIENCE!)
mama मम
mAma माम
ma म
maN मण्
maNa मण
mah मह्
maha मह
mahan महन्
mahman मह्मन्
mam मम्
mama
माँ - this orthography means
ReplyDeleteGod + His Symbol
Ma + so called fishy symbol
|` + ﻻ
Instead of your "must be tall, long... help me God wet explanations"
You better think why we have got these references
Ma+Ma or MotherS
Have a look again well hearing
Mum's World =Makedonia
https://translate.google.com/#en/hi/Mum's%20World
Well before Christianity, the fish symbol was known as "the Great Mother," a pointed oval sign, the "vesica piscis" or Vessel of the Fish. "Fish" and "womb" were synonymous terms in ancient Greek,"delphos." Its link to fertility, birth, feminine sexuality and the natural force of women was acknowledged also by the Celts, as well as pagan cultures throughout northern Europe. Eleanor Gaddon traces a "Cult of the Fish Mother" as far back as the hunting and fishing people of the Danube River Basin in the sixth millennium B.C.E. Over fifty shrines have been found throughout the region which depict a fishlike deity, a female creature who "incorporates aspects of an egg, a fish and a woman which could have been a primeval creator or a mythical ancestress..
ReplyDeletehttp://www.reformation.org/large-swastika-lady.jpg
This is common
ReplyDeleteWorld of Mother
Planet of
Earth Mother.
Mother Earth
Make Don
Greek word of Makedon ?
ReplyDeleteWhy ?
Is it because of possible word root *make-
what NEVER will be discovered ?
here are some more examples were mak as a root does NOT matches Make with the meaning what I am pointing to all of you, including the author of this clip .
ReplyDeleteIt is from analysis of Julius Pokorny
mak- 'skin, leather bag'
Indo-European Reflexes:
English
Old English: maga
Middle English: maw
English: maw stomach: where food goes when swallowed
W-Germanic
Old High German: mago n maw
N-Germanic
Old Norse: maGi n.masc maw
Baltic
Lithuanian: maKis n.masc purse
Masedonian meV n. meshe
__________
Ref:Julius Pokorny "Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"(Bern, 1959). P.696, РП 698, p.730.
link:
http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/l...x/R/P1215.html
ReplyDeleteAnd because it is about comparers ,let do this on the way that you can
find out a spot much easier.
I will compare with your mother tongue.
Do you know that Ma means mother even at your language?
Here are the refs.
μα – shorter Aeol. and Dor. Form for μάτερ,in a form μȃ γȃ, for μητερ ɤη ,Aesch.Supp.899;
as and exclaim., μȃ ποΘεν ανΘρωπος ; Theocr.15.89.cf.Βα ,δω ,Λι …1
But do you know that:
Ma means God and your mother tongue even at the present ?
No?
Here is what I have found .Have in mind that's your language
μα [ma] but ||by|| το Θεό by God !,God be
witness!...2
__________
Ref:
1-Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott “Greek-English
Lexicon” ,London,1896… page.....953
2. Harry T.Hionides The Collins Gem “Greek-English Dictionary”, Glasgow,
1987,page….130.
Back to the neologism then
ReplyDeleteMake Don ija
Make =
Ma+Ma
or exploring the letters you are using possible reconstruction could be at this way:
Ma+ Ma= dual
Θεό + Θεό = dual
___________
And while
at mine language
Ma+Ma as dual = MakE
At your language
Θεό+Θεό or
Ma+Ma as the tittle of Θεό according to the dictionary ,standing for
you at your language and all of your dialects does NOT have any word example of creating the dual as part of plurals at this way.You do not have either letter E as word ending as for dualmark.
We still do
hands ,or legs expressed in a way of
racE or nozE telling that duals at mine language are making accounting one with one
or
Ma+Ma = MakE
same as
raka+raka=racE
(hand + hand=hands )
same as
noga+noga=nozE
(leg+leg=legs)
Hope that I make you much clear this time
Why Hindi language ?
ReplyDeleteBecause based at Sans ,it does have information of Ma +Ma
Or when we make a parallel with Hindi we sew that:
Ma+Ma= MakE
Ma+ Ma= मां = Māṁ (MotherS)
Hebrew you are saying
ReplyDelete"Makedon or Macedon is far more similar and appears more in other Languages such as Hebrew שביתות which means strike, this also originates from the Greek word for strike or fight - Mache. .."
Instead of similarity with a word you are pointing at, searching the religious therms what the Jews are using we could have this connection.
Firstly you have to check out that this is a tittle with so fare unknown origin.
At the word Elohim , all linguistics from all around will agree that it is about word given as plural.
Why?
Because suffix - im does represented plurals at theirs language.
So we have got
Elohim =
EL + plural =Elonim
We have to account if we wanna prove that plural is here because of some reasons.
Reasons could be explained if we do the enumeration .
We are doing it on this way
E+L = plural
Thus because
E+L =plural
1+1= plural
_____
And here we go again
E+L=2
because
Ma+Ma=2
Because
E~Ma
L~Ma
Because we have got
God and His symbol .
Same as with Hindy where
God and His symbol appeared
ReplyDeleteHindy
|` + ﻻ
Hebrew
L + E
Where
L is rotated Г and
Г is as pointing was |` - Goddess or Ma
Where E having its root at rotated α symbol .
Now Alpha as symbol is rotated womb symbol as well .
Such a powerful is this so called
http://www.religioustolerance.org/christ1.gif
pre-Christian fish symbol ,
what shows us something much more,and much bigger
Again from different angles observed ,as its about to claim
I am the First
http://img98.imageshack.us/img98/3784/82ve9.jpg
and
ﻻ
the Last one
I am who I am
I am the only one
I am
m
I am
M
I am
Ma
I am
*MaMa
Hebrew: = El (God).
ReplyDeleteSo here we could have:
E=Ma
L=Ma
EL=MaMa or Mama
Internet source:
http://net.lib.byu.edu/imaging/negev/Names.html
"Now look in any academic book on history, archeology and Etymology and they will all tell you that Μακεδονία is a Greek word and comes from the exact words I have just explained...."
ReplyDeleteThey all wrong, including you.
This is 1860-est claim.Not before .
And it is very simple , why contradictions?
ReplyDeleteIf we observed, this World from its very beginning until now,
it is all about religion .
This is Macedonian case
Macedon -Earth Mother
Macedonians -Earth Mother followers
Macedon+ia
Ia -suffix meaning "land belong to.."
Macedonia
Land belong to the Macedonians from the very beginning.
Have you ever ask your self how it come that from so many tribes name
Therm of Makedonia united them all ?
What used to be income for them ?
So called Greek culture ?
Opposite of that Fairy stories, we are facing a humanity build up on religious matter
Form the other hand do you know that linguistically they are changes from one to another letter , and that is quite ok to all involved at linguistics..
ReplyDeleteDo you might be know that letter M could shift at letter B ?
ReplyDeleteChanges of M, esp. in dialects:
2. into B,
as Mεμβράς ,Bεμβράς; Bροτός, Aeol. Mορτός ( v.άμβροτος fin.) and άBροτάξομεν for (from άMαρτάνω) ; μολєίν aor. of. βλώσκω ; κυBєρνήτης , Aeol. κυMєρνήτης ...1
____________
Ref.
1-Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott “Greek-English Lexicon” ,London,1896… page.953
ReplyDeleteSeMele / CyBelle
The Bacchæ's Chorus tells us that the timbrel, the flat drum, of Dionysos comes from the Mother --- that is, Kybele. Dionysos' connection with the Mother and with His Mother Semele and with females in general point to the OLD religion of Mother and Child.
http://www.hermeticfellowship.org/Di...n/Maenads.html
final point of comparison requires a brief examination of the linguistics involved; specifically, the labial letters — b - w - m - p — the phonemes which are pronounced especially with the lips. In different dialects within the larger language family, words containing these phonemes differ in pronunciation. A modern example of labial shifts is found in the name of the Korean city which is now pronounced Busan instead of Pusan. An example from antiquity was the word for sun and the sun-god. In Hebrew it was Shemesh (cf., the town of Beth-Shemesh, the town of the temple of the sun-god). The Akkadian pronunciation differed only in vowels to produce Shamash. In Canaanite, however, this word was pronounced Shapsh (or Shapash if fully vocalized), i.e., the middle consonant simply shifted from an M to a P. I believe that the same phonetic shift occurred between the names of the heroes of these two epics, which phonetically at least, are the same. The M in Hebrew Adam has shifted to the final P in Akkadian,...4
ReplyDelete____________
4-W. H. Shea. 1977. Adam in ancient Mesopotamian traditions. Andrews University Seminary Studies 15:27-42.
http://www.grisda.org/origins/18010.htm
And here are examples at our Macedonian tongue .
ReplyDeleteParallel in Macedonian is word gibbering
Мрмори inpf.>Брбори,мрмориш>брбориш,мрморење->брборење ,murmuring
мрморковци->брборковци
Мекање n *Бекање –> Блекање -> Блеење or bleating..’’..2
mrmori -murmuring ornon understandable lower speech or something like
brbori -non understandable louder speech or something like chatter
Btw from here we have got
barbari- echoic of unintelligible speech of foreigners.( and question why used to be the foreigner one )
This M-B changes can be well noted at Greek language through dissonant letter form of MP
Bananas = Μπανανασ
What will say
that
MP=B
Mp dissonant of M
M->Mp->*mB->B
______________
Ref.
1-Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott “Greek-English Lexicon” ,London,1896… page.953
2-Тодор Димитровски,Благоја Корубин,Трајко Стаматоски“Речник на македонскиот јазик со српско-хрватски толкувања’’,Скопје 1961…..стр.424-425.
change of k-g
ReplyDeleteI. κ is near akin to γ,χ.,differing only in its harder pronunciation; hence, the older Att. changed χνόος γναπτω ρευχω,into κνοος κναπτω : so in Ion. χιτων became κιθων ,βεχομαι βεκομαι,βατραχος βατρακος,χυτρα κυθρη,etc.; soγονυ (cf. προχνυ) is akin to our knee; cf.Lob.P.HRYN.173, 307. ….3
From here we can see that at word γναπτω κναπτω there is ancient k-g change records ,as well noted at previouses pages at the same lexicon ,given under the letter Γ
as ….
IV.also with κ, γναπτω κναπτω ....4
Over
K-G-changes into Macedonian
VeliK den
VeliGden -Istar
or
kukuriKu
KukuriGu
____________
Ref:
3- George Liddell and Robert Scott “Greek-English Lexicon” ,London,1896… page.750
4- George Liddell and Robert Scott “Greek-English Lexicon” ,London,1896… page.306
Question for itself is why Ma means God ?
ReplyDeleteMight because of letter m formation ?
Letter m
ReplyDeleteFor searching out of its origin and its possible meaning ,first of all we have to see its graphic construction where from we have three vertical lines ||| joined with few `` sighs ,back at the ancients times,from right to left written as |` |` |`
Lets compare this symbols with the "Pictographic Vocabulary of the Words" used in the texts from the Thracian Tablets and some related Ideograms" from Dr. Stephen Guide's, “The Thracian Script Decoded -1"book ,where we could see some of similarity
http://www.institutet-science.com/symbols/01.gif(R8)* God
http://www.institutet-science.com/symbols/02.gif (A40; R8)* God
http://www.institutet-science.com/symbols/04.gif (R8A)*
The Three-One God (the Trinity, the gods) - (2)
___________________________________
* All hieroglyphs have been presented here with their alphabetical & numerical indices according to the GARDINER classification.
(2)- In Hebrew Bible the word meaning “God” is also in the plural form
(“Elohim”= “Gods”), but is always by definition translated as “God”
(“ The One God”). In Arabic Koran, God also speaks always in plural “We, your God”, but it is always meant “The one God” (as “Allah” is accurately translated from Arabic). In Christian Tradition, the above visible “contradiction” (pl.vs sg.) is explained by the “Doctrine of the Holy Trinity” (i.e. God is One, but is three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit)….1
So we are reading explanation of :
|`= God
Lets have a look
What we do have are two sighs | and ` ,and Stephen Guide explanations of "meaning “God” and pronounced “Nooty”,in the Boharic (North Egyptian Coptic) Dialect 1",but we well ask ourselves is it so?
As far as we know for those ancient times two things must to be pointed :
- matriarchy as kind of religious form and
- cult of maternity
According to those facts we must to have a bit of different description
|` Goddess instead of |`God
and Her very first recorded and shortest as well form of Ma
So we may have
| -consonant or "M"
`-vowel or "a" joined together as the very first word
|`= Ma
If we would focused at the third pictures of "The Three-One God" or at the pictures above
http://www.institutet-science.com/artefacts/grad03.jpg
than we could see following situation
|` |` |`
where
|->M
` ->a
|`->Ma
or
|` + |` + |` ->
Ma + Ma + Ma
what is about of the letter m pictograph's form at those days written from right to left
|` + |` + |`
|`|`|`
m
______
Ref:
1-Dr. Stephen Guide, “The Thracian Script Decoded -1”, Institute o Transcendent Science, Sofia, 2006. page.120
Internet resource:
http://www.institutet-science.com/dictb.htm
If we compare with a far East and China writing system we can noted that :
ReplyDeleteThe Chinese word zhu - 主 - zhŭ meaning : master, main, to be in
charge of, God, host, hostess, ..1
owner, primary…
How we have to analyse ?
We have one word with several different meanings .
Shall we ignore meaning of God ,and recognise only all of the rest of whole
lots ?
And why to do that?
Is it “because we would like to see things so “ enough ?
主 and |`|`|`
Holly macaroni
Such a meaning similarity , and such an near by symbolical orthography .
主 and |`|`|`
God and God
And everything based at NO “spreading influence of Greek culture over
the non-Greek peoples that were conquered by Alexander
the Great…”
_______
LInk
http://dictionary.hantrainerpro.com/chinese-english/translation-zhu_master.htm
Show less
Their is
DeleteNo God but Allah
لا اله الا اللهla alh 'illa alllah
Again we are matching up same symbols |` + ﻻ
combined with letter m presented up side down
:)