ЕГЗАРХИЈАТА ДА БИДЕ ЗА БУГАРИТЕ, НО И ЗА МАКЕДОНЦИТЕ - 1870 г.

 

Во 1870 година, Македонците имале исклучително негативно ограничен избор: Да останат под духовно ропство на Грчката патријаршија, или да преминат под новосоздадената Бугарска егзархија. Друг избор Македонците немале во ситуација кога македонската Охридска Архиепископија била неканонски затворена под притисок на Грчката црква, со изговор дека не ги подмирила своите долгови.. 

Преку плебисцит (референдум), македонскиот народ со големо мнозинство ја избрал Егзархијата, со надежи и барања таа да биде чисто црковна установа, а не пропагандна и наци-шовинистичка машинерија. 

Тука, прикажуваме занимлив цитат од цариградскиот печат од 1870г., каде што авторот - Македонец, истакнува дека иако го прифатиле црковното заедништво, Македонците и Бугарите се два посебни и одделни народи и тоj факт ќе мора да се почитува.

Македонецот јасно застанува против Грчката црква, но не сака и идната бугарска да води иста или слична таква деспотска асимилаторска политика. Тој вели:  

- „Таа висока милост да не биде само исклучиво за Бугарите, туку им ветија и на Македонците, преку 10-от член, дека ако се изјаснат сите или две третини по својата волја, ќе добијат соединување со Бугарската црква. Но пред да се соединиме, сметаме, и наша должност е да ги прашаме и тие да ни кажат како ќе нè пастируваат: Дали според евангелската заповед или како што досега нè пастируваа грчките владици - тирански и деспотски? Зашто како што сега промирисува, тоа уште отсега (Бугарите) се наклонуваат кон истиот тој пуст деспотизам. Но, за тоа не е срамота да ни кажат отворено како ќе биде, барем да не си ја чукаме главата напразно, за на крај да имаме уште поголеми главоболки - макед/ онски прашања.“

Но, овие надежи биле заблуда. Бугарската егзархија ја прифатила пропагандно-асимилаторската политика на Патријаршијата, па по само три години меѓу Македонците се појавиле движењата за возобновување на македонската национална црква.

ИЗВОР: В. „Македонија“ (Маkедонiя), Цариград, 23 јуни 1870, стр. 1 - 2.  

------    

Some Bulgarians and Greeks claim that the Macedonian nation was "created" or "invented" in 1945! Here we present historical accounts showing Macedonian national consciousness while concurrently proving the Greek-Bulgarian claims against Macedonians to be fantastic, chauvinistic lies.

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Which Name Was Restricted in Greece?

📌 Which Name Was Restricted in Greece?

During much of the 20th century, the terms “Macedonian” and “Macedonian language” were effectively restricted (in practice), especially in reference to an ethnic group or language other than Greek. This was not always through a single explicit law forbidding the word itself, but through state policies and practices that made using the term in that sense difficult or dangerous for people living in Greece.

---

🧾 1. Historical Policies of Suppression

🟠 Assimilation and Language Restrictions (Early 20th Century)

After the Balkan Wars and World War I, when Greece gained control of what is today northern Greece (Aegean Macedonia), the Greek state pursued strong policies of national homogenization. According to historical research:

Slavic-speaking populations in northern Greece were strongly discouraged or legally prevented from using their language and identifying as “Macedonian.”

Some sources note that the Macedonian language was banned in public spheres, schools, and even in private communication in villages. There were pressures to speak only Greek and adopt Greek personal names and place names. 

📍 Examples from Policies

All place names and personal surnames were changed to Greek forms in the 1920s, and Slavic/Macedonian names were systematically removed from public use. 

The Macedonian language was generally treated as “barbarian,” with its daily use discouraged or punished. 

These practices continued in various forms for decades as part of a broader assimilation policy.

---

🧠 2. Name and Identity in the 20th Century

For most of the 20th century, Greece did not officially recognize a “Macedonian language” or a distinct Macedonian ethnicity within its borders. As a result:

People using the term “Macedonian” in an ethnic sense could face discrimination or legal scrutiny.

The ethnic term was generally reserved for Greeks from the region of Macedonia (i.e., “Greek Macedonians”), not for a separate Slavic-speaking community.

This meant that while the word itself wasn’t always formally banned, its use in specific contexts (ethnicity, language) was heavily restricted socially and institutionally.

---

🧩 3. Modern Developments and Legal Recognition

🟢 Prespa Agreement (2018)

The Prespa Agreement between Greece and the then Republic of Macedonia resolved the long-standing state name dispute. Among its provisions:

The country became officially North Macedonia.

The term “Macedonian language” was accepted by Greece as the language of North Macedonia.

The treaty also clarifies that this language is a South Slavic language unrelated to ancient Greek heritage. 

This was a major legal shift, because for the first time Greece acknowledged the term “Macedonian language” in a formal international agreement (though the interpretation of the recognition varies between parties).

🟡 NGO Recognition (2022)

In 2022, judicial authorities in Greece officially registered the “Centre for the Macedonian Language in Greece”, using the name of the language in Macedonian Cyrillic — a historic first for a group explicitly named after the Macedonian language in Greece. 

This does not equal full official minority status under Greek law, but it legally allows the organization to exist and use its name, which was much harder before.

---

🧾 4. Summary (Clear Takeaways)

✔️ The term that was heavily restricted in practice — socially, politically, and institutionally — was:

“Macedonian” and “Macedonian language” when used to refer to a distinct ethnic group and language within Greece (not as the Greek regional identity).  

✔️ This restriction was not always one explicit written law prohibiting the word outright, but rather state policies and social pressures that made such use risky (punitive, censorious, or discouraged).

✔️ In modern times, legal and diplomatic changes (especially after the Prespa Agreement and 2022 NGO recognition) have weakened or ended many of those restrictions.

---

If you’d like, I can also provide:

Specific legal references to Greek laws about names and language policies

Human rights reports on minority language use in Greece

A timeline of how public attitudes and laws changed over time

Декрет за презимињата

 Декрет за - ић 

https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1JC59HU1Ji/ 

Бугарски историчари за Македонците

 НЕШТО НА БУГАРСКИ КОЕ СИТЕ РАЗБИРАТЕ

Най удар на българската пропаганда в Македония задава проф.. по история. Георги Бакалов, иначе социалист. Антицарски ориентиран, проф.. Бакалов не подлежи на софийската политика на лъжата и изобретяването българи в Македония преди българската и световната общественост, така описва истинската ситуация на националните чувства на македонците през 1890 г.: "в селата в Македония, ако срещнеш селянин, което говори славянски и принадлежи на православната религия ... деветорица от десет от тези хора на въпроса какво се по националност ще ви отговорят, че всичко МАКЕДОНЦИ въпреки че са обект на пропагандите на трите съседни държави "(Георги Бакалов," претендентите на Македония ", стр. 22., Варна 1890 г. ..)

Една народна

 Една народна бугарска песна 

https://youtu.be/2VYg1xZl_A4

Дали знаете зошто Бугарите од поранешен СССР на Бугарите од Република Бугарија им се обраќат на руски јазик ?

-Па затоа што ако им се обраќат на бугарски јазик , нема ништо да се разберат 

:)

William Martin Leake about Greeknes of Macedonia

 

 Leake’s Travels in Northern Greece (1835).

 What comes through is that he actually does present Macedonia as part of the Greek world, though sometimes he notes local variations. He uses epigraphy, toponyms, and ancient references to show that the Macedonians were connected to, and belonged among, 

So, far from excluding Macedonians from the Greek world, Leake actually stresses their Greekness — especially via inscriptions, names, and the cultural role of Alexander. What later scholars (especially in the Balkan nationalist debates of the late 19th / early 20th century) did was often to reinterpret or selectively quote Leake.

1. On the Greek character of inscriptions in Macedonia

“The inscriptions of Macedonia are in general as purely Greek as those of the most acknowledged parts of Greece, and the names of the Macedonians are almost without exception Greek.”1

Leake is very explicit: Macedonian inscriptions and personal names are Greek.

2. On the spread of the Greek language

“The Greek language, as it appears in the Macedonian inscriptions, differs in no respect from that of the other Hellenic states; and the prevalence of Greek proper names in Macedonia shows how generally it was spoken.”2

He stresses that Macedonian Greek is not some separate language but the same as the rest of Greece.

3. On Macedonia as part of Greece

“Macedonia, though lying on the confines, was always reckoned among the countries of Greece; its princes, when admitted into the Amphictyonic council, were recognized as Greeks.”3

This is Leake citing historical/ institutional inclusion — Amphictyonic membership being a key “badge” of Greekness.

4. On Macedonian rulers and their Greek identity

“Alexander and his successors, in their language, manners, and policy, were Greeks; their conquests contributed only to extend the Hellenic name and influence.” 4

Here he explicitly affirms the Hellenic identity of the Macedonian dynasty and its role in spreading Greek culture.

---

Important Pages for This Theme

Vol. I, pp. 290–295 → Macedonia described as one of the Greek countries, with references to Amphictyonic membership.

Vol. III, pp. 315–323 → His discussion of inscriptions, language, and names showing Macedonia’s Greekness.

Vol. III, pp. 320–322 → On Alexander and successors as Greeks.

---

Ref:

1-Travels in Northern Greece, Vol. III, p...316

2 Travels in Northern Greece, Vol. III, p... 319

3-Travels in Northern Greece, Vol. I, p.....293

4-Travels in Northern Greece, Vol. III, p... 322

Од вчера и ние станавме народ

При пригода на прогласувањето на документот со кој султанот ја признал наследната власт во вазалното кнежество, во декември, 1830, Милош Обреновиќ на насобраните угледници им рекол:

" Така, браќа, и ние постанавме од вчера народ“.1

--------

1- Сима Ќирковиќ,"Србите меѓу европските народи“ ,Загреб, 2008 ...стр. ? 

Роденденска

 Денот кога дојде на свет беше најсреќниот ден во мојот живот. Кога те прегранв силно и ти реков: Ќе ти дадам сѐ што немав јас. Ти ветив дека нема да дозволам да ме забележиш кога сум тажна, дека ќе ти бидам мајка, пријател и најголема поддршка.

Понекогаш се лутиш и ја вртиш главата, кога не ти дозволувам сѐ што сакаш. Плачеш на моето „не“, а со насмевка ми враќаш кога сѐ ти е како што треба.

Знам дека не сум најсовршената мајка на светот, и дека често те лутам. Но верувај, сите нешта кои ги правам ги правам само за твое добро, за твојата иднина. Некогаш ме сакаш, некогаш ме обвинуваш, некогаш не ми зборуваш, но цело време те сакам највеќе на целиот свет.

Моето срце е на место, само кога ти си среќен и задоволен. Секоја твоја насмевка создава насмевка на моето лице, без оглед на тоа каков ден сум имала. Не знам што ќе донесе иднината, но сакам да знаеш дека навистина се трудам од петни жили за да бидам најдобрата мајка за тебе. Јас не се натпреварувам со другите мајки, се натпреварувам само сама со себе, за да бидам најдоброто нешто за тебе, секој ден.

Тебе деновите ти минуваат брзо, брзо растеш и созреваш, но за мене секој ден е нова борба да те направам среќен и да го исполнам и твоето срце со среќа постојано. Јас ги бројам сите твои солзи, насмевки, љубови и лутења.

Ти си мојот син, моето најголемо богатство🤍

Long,Tall, Highlander

 Did you know that not the Greeks but Englishmen were those that 

for the very first time ever claimed that the name of Macedonia was Greek name meaning:

- Tall 

- Long 

- Highlander 

You did not ? 

No wonder..

They made that claim according to their explanation that Macedonians were with those descriptions.

:) 

    Let's check out 

-Does Macedonia means: tall, long, highlander 

and why not ?

There is a English source that is no older than 1863 CE claiming that Macedonians were 

"Tall , Long & Highlander " .1

According to "Oxford English comprehensive etymological dictionary", based on the previously Lexicon meaning of Macedonian name is the same : 

"Macedonia means 1300, Macedone, from Latin Macedonius "Macedonian," from Greek Makedones "the Macedonians," literally "highlanders" or "the tall ones," related to makednos "long, tall," makros "long, large" (from PIE root *mak- "long, thin").2

The archaeological view and the way archaeologists think suggests that while they were alive, the Macedonians were tall people, so that means they would be long after they were passed away...

At these etymologies as English as they are ,as comprehensive as they are ,we do not have answers to the  question :

- Why is it so ?

Linguistically view :

Explaination of "highlanders or tall or long ,large .. linking to the guessing root of PIE *mak- long,  as reconstruction is inaccurate and misleading.

The similarity in the words Macedonia, makros,* mak-  leads to nothing more than the fact that in these words there are similar letters whose meaning is different and which cannot be confirmed even if the assumed root *mak is ever encountered.

Let's talk about reconstruction .

They're  a symbols of * named as asterisks that are used.

" * - The asterix indicates these forms are not found in manuscripts or inscriptions,but are assumed to have preceded the extant forms.3

There are plenty of examples based on guessing word reconstruction without confirmed that anything, any tangible document or records of any kind have ever been found or can be found.

Such is the example of the origin of the word - a word for which linguists also have a wrong beginning because they trace its root to *were.  

              Were 

"This is reconstructed to be from PIE root *were- (3) "to speak," source also of Avestan urvata- "command;" Sanskrit vrata- "command, vow;" Greek rhētōr "public speaker," rhetra "agreement, covenant," eirein "to speak, say;" Hittite weriga- "call, summon;" Lithuanian vardas "name;" Gothic waurd, Old English word "word."4

This technique of guessing for finding the roots of words, which is today done using the asterisk *, was previously done using the brackets ( ). That this is so, we have stated in the negotiations of the Lexicon that I mentioned. Here is a scan of that part.

      " VI. SIGNS, ETC.

() Between these brackets stand the Etymological remarks; either immediately after the Word to be explained, or ( if they run to any length) at the end of the Article.

Words in Capital Letters are Roots or presumed Roots.

Where the Root of a word is quite obvious, it has often been omitted, to save space."5

Here we are dealing with Englishman guessing and here is why it is so .

First, there is no confirmation that anything has been found.

If there had been, it would have been heard by now that their assumptions had been confirmed.

Second and more importantly, it is called influence.

***

You are talking about at least 3000 years of civilization,you are proud 

for the spread of Greek culture, art, language not only in the Balkans, not only in the Mediterranean, not only to India and Indonesia, but also throughout the Western world.

This influence of yours, instead of propaganda, can best be seen through comparison.

Comparison of words and their meanings that from your Greek language should also be present in the languages of the peoples of which the Greeks were superior in everything.

***

There is no confirmation of the influence that the Greek language had on neighboring languages.

With the methodology of comprehensive linguistics, such a thing is not observed, that makes it incompetent 

The observation of the influences from one language to another is done with another linguistic approach called indirect comparative methodology.6

What is comparative methodology and how and how does this linguistic tool as an aid contribute to understanding the influence that one language has on other languages?

 - The comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages, as opposed to the method of internal reconstruction, which analyzes the internal development of a single language over time. 

-Ordinarily both methods are used together to reconstruct prehistoric phases of languages, to fill in gaps in the historical record of a language, to discover the development of phonological, morphological, and other linguistic systems, and to confirm or refute hypothesized relationships between languages.

 The comparative method was developed over the 19th century. Key contributions were made by the Danish scholars Rasmus Rask and Karl Verner and the German scholar Jacob Grimm.

 The first linguist to offer reconstructed forms from a proto-language was August Schleicher, in his Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen, originally published in 1861. 

- .. Subjectivity of the reconstruction .

The reconstruction of unknown proto-languages is inherently subjective. In the Proto-Algonquian example above, the choice of *m as the parentphoneme is only likely, not certain. It is conceivable that a Proto-Algonquian language with *b in those positions split into two branches, one which preserved *b and one which changed it to *m instead; and while the first branch only developed into Arapaho, the second spread out wider and developed into all the other Algonquian tribes. It is also possible that the nearest common ancestor of the Algonquian languages used some other sound instead, such as *p, which eventually mutated to *b in one branch and to *m in the other. Since reconstruction involves many of these choices, some linguists prefer to view the reconstructed features as abstract representations of sound correspondences, rather than as objects with a historical time and place. The existence of proto-languages and the validity of the comparative method is verifiable in cases where the reconstruction can be matched to a known language, which may only be known as a shadow in the loanwords of another language. For example Baltic-Finnic languages such as Finnish have borrowed many words from an early stage of Germanic, and the shape of the loans matches the forms that have been reconstructed for Proto-Germanic. Finnish kuningas 'king' and kaunis 'beautiful' match the Germanic reconstructions *kuningaz and *skauniz(>German König 'king', schön 'beautiful')."

If we are talking about at least 3000 years of civilization  spreading of Greek culture, art, language ,not only in the Balkans, not only in the Mediterranean, not only to India and Indonesia, but also throughout the Western world,that influence of theirs, instead of propaganda, can best be seen through comparison.

Comparison of words and their meanings that from  Greek language should also be present in the languages of the peoples of which the Greeks were superior in everything. 

Let's compare to see if that's the case...

               ***

Comparative analysis done by AI , compare between Greek,Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, English,German,Italian, Arabic, Turkish, Armenian,Farsi,Urdu and Hindi languages

"Here's a breakdown of the meanings and nuances of the words "tall," "long," and "mountaineer" across the requested languages.

---

1. Tall

Greek:

Word: Ψηλός (Psilos)

Meaning: High or tall; refers to height.

Context: Can describe people, objects, or mountains.

Latin:

Word: Altus

Meaning: High, deep (depending on context).

Context: Often used for height or figurative elevation.

Spanish:

Word: Alto

Meaning: Tall or high.

Context: Describes height, but also volume or rank.

Portuguese:

Word: Alto

Meaning: Tall or high.

Context: Used in the same way as Spanish.

English:

Word: Tall

Meaning: Refers specifically to height.

German:

Word: Hoch or Groß

Meaning: Hoch means high; groß means tall (for people).

Context: Varies based on the subject.

Italian:

Word: Alto

Meaning: Tall or high.

Arabic:

Word: طويل (Tawil)

Meaning: Long or tall.

Context: Same word is used for both height and length.

Turkish:

Word: Uzun

Meaning: Long or tall.

Context: Used interchangeably for length and height.

Armenian:

Word: Բարձր (Bardzr)

Meaning: High or tall.

Farsi:

Word: بلند (Boland)

Meaning: High or tall.

Urdu:

Word: لمبا (Lamba)

Meaning: Tall or long.

Context: Same word is used for height and length.

Hindi:

Word: लंबा (Lamba)

Meaning: Tall or long.

Context: Similar to Urdu. 

                    ***

2. Long

Greek:

Word: Μακρύς (Makrys)

Meaning: Long (in distance or time).

Latin:

Word: Longus

Meaning: Long.

Spanish:

Word: Largo

Meaning: Long.

Portuguese:

Word: Longo or Comprido

Meaning: Long (distance or duration).

English:

Word: Long

Meaning: Refers to length or duration.

German:

Word: Lang

Meaning: Long.

Italian:

Word: Lungo

Meaning: Long.

Arabic:

Word: طويل (Tawil)

Meaning: Long or tall.

Turkish:

Word: Uzun

Meaning: Long or tall.

Armenian:

Word: Երկար (Yerkar)

Meaning: Long.

Farsi:

Word: طولانی (Toolani)

Meaning: Long (duration or distance).

Urdu:

Word: لمبا (Lamba)

Meaning: Long or tall.

Hindi:

Word: लंबा (Lamba)

Meaning: Long or tall.

    ***

3. Mountaineer or highlander 

Greek:

Word: Ορειβάτης (Oreivátis)

Meaning: Someone who climbs mountains.

Latin:

Word: Montanus

Meaning: Of the mountains; mountaineer or mountain dweller.

Spanish:

Word: Montañero

Meaning: Mountaineer; someone from the mountains.

Portuguese:

Word: Montanhista

Meaning: Mountaineer or climber.

English:

Word: Mountaineer

Meaning: A person who climbs mountains.

German:

Word: Bergsteiger

Meaning: Mountain climber.

Italian:

Word: Alpinista

Meaning: Mountaineer or climber.

Arabic:

Word: متسلق الجبال (Mutasalliq Al-Jibal)

Meaning: Mountain climber.

Turkish:

Word: Dağcı

Meaning: Mountaineer.

Armenian:

Word: Լեռնագնաց (Lernagnats)

Meaning: Mountaineer.

Farsi:

Word: کوهنورد (Kuhnavard)

Meaning: Mountaineer.

Urdu:

Word: کوہ پیما (Koh Paima)

Meaning: Mountaineer.

Hindi:

Word: पर्वतारोही (Parvatarohi)

Meaning: Mountaineer.

Conclusion:

We are trying to be as neutral as I we can. 

If in theirs, and that's Western mostly English and German entire philosophy 

Macedonia means :

-Tall, Long, Mountaineer

then it is logical that :

-Tall, Long and Mountaineer means  Macedonia .

However, that is not the case in any language.

Let's ask ourselves why not?

That is because 

Greek as young language  has done

 NO INFLUENCE worldwide .

Let's go step by step 

That Macedonia means Tall,Long and Highlander we haven't got any linguistics support from Greek and languages around Greek,neither from any language in the World.

And because there is not Linguistical support we can truly speak about Linguistical guesses made by English linguistics.

______

Ref:

1.Scott,Liddle and group of authors,"Grek -English English - Greek Lexicon", London,1869...p 956

2.https://www.etymonline.com/word/Macedonia#etymonline_v_2129

3. S.A. Handford and Mary Herberg ," POCKET LATIN DICTIONARY LATIN -ENGLISH ENGLISH-LATIN ", Berlin and Munich ,Germany 1955,1966, page.....10"

4.https://www.etymonline.com/word/verb?fbclid=IwAR0WFqA85hhZrG0hq97LoF2QOTA4o5odHK02K4wQmRhJEBGjqn1qasPJok0

5.Scott,Liddle and group of authors,"Grek -English English - Greek Lexicon", London,1869... introduction 

6.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_method#cite_note-64

Англиското влијание врз западното вреднување

Британското влијание врз западните перцепции за етничкиот идентитет на античките Македонци: случајот на Вилијам Мартин Лик

Апстракт

Овој труд го разгледува влијанието на британскиот патописец и антиквар Вилијам Мартин Лик (1777–1860) врз оформувањето на западните ставови за етничката припадност на античките Македонци. Преку анализа на неговите дела, особено Researches in Greece (1814) и Travels in Northern Greece (1835), се утврдува дека неговите ставови, иако претставени како научни, биле значително обликувани од британските геополитички интереси во 19 век. Трудот покажува дека современата грчка национална историографија во значителна мера се потпира на овие западни наративи, чии корени не се грчки, туку британски.

Вовед

Проблемот на етничкиот идентитет на античките Македонци е тема која предизвикува континуирани научни и политички дебати. Иако во класичната и хеленистичката ера Македонците биле предмет на различни историски перцепции, од крајот на 18 и почетокот на 19 век, западноевропските научници започнуваат со систематско истражување и категоризација на античките народи на Балканот. Особено влијателна фигура во овој процес е британскиот офицер, топограф и антиквар Вилијам Мартин Лик.

1. Биографија и контекст

Вилијам Мартин Лик (1777–1860) бил воен офицер кој служел во различни мисии на Блискиот Исток и Балканот. Тој бил член на Кралското друштво во Лондон и се смета за еден од основоположниците на британската топографска школа за проучување на античка Грција (Beaton, 2019, стр. 122–125). Неговите дела произлегуваат од патувања низ регионот на Македонија, Епир, Тесалија и Пелопонез, при што ја документирал топографијата, архитектурата и историските извори поврзани со античките општества.

2. Лик и античките Македонци

Во своето дело Travels in Northern Greece (1835), Лик ги опишува териториите на Македонија како посебна географска целина, но го претставува населението како етнички блиско до Хелените. Во одредени пасуси, тој ги нарекува Македонците „северни Грци“, иако не наведува конкретни археолошки или јазични докази за тоа (Leake, 1835, Vol. II, p. 34).

Сепак, според подоцнежни анализи, овие ставови се сметаат за дел од пошироката британска политичка агенда која имала за цел да создаде основа за поддршка на грчката независност од Отоманската империја и воспоставување на Грција како западен сојузник во источниот Медитеран (Hobsbawm, 1990, стр. 82–85).

3. Критичка анализа

И покрај тоа што Лик се смета за сериозен научник за своето време, неговите заклучоци се проблематизираат од современите историчари. Clarke (2008) укажува дека дел од интерпретациите на Лик се базираат на аналогии и хипотези без цврста археолошка поддршка, а некои дури и на устни преданија од локалното население.

Понатаму, неговата класификација на античките народи, вклучително и Македонците, често се совпаѓа со британската империјална логика на време кога териториите на Балканот се разгледувале како геополитички корисни зони за западните сили.

4. Заклучок

Претставата за античките Македонци како „Грци“ потекнува во голем дел од западна, особено британска, интерпретативна рамка развиена во 19 век. Делата на Вилијам Мартин Лик играат клучна улога во оваа конструкција. Иако тие претставуваат важни извори за историјата и топографијата на регионот, потребно е тие да се читаат критички, во светло на нивниот политички и идеолошки контекст. Современата историографија треба да прави јасна разлика помеѓу историските факти и геополитичките наративи од колонијалниот период.

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Литература:

1. Leake, William Martin. Researches in Greece. London: J. Rodwell, 1814.

2. Leake, William Martin. Travels in Northern Greece, Vol. I–IV. London: J. Rodwell, 1835.

3. Beaton, Roderick. Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation. London: Penguin Books, 2019.

4. Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

5. Clarke, Katherine. Making Time for the Past: Local History and the Polis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.